On June 5th, the FBI released a PSA titled “Home Internet Connected Devices Facilitate Criminal Activity.” This PSA largely references devices impacted by the latest generation of BADBOX malware (as named by HUMAN’s Satori Threat Intelligence and Research team) that EFF researchers also encountered primarily on Android TV set-top boxes. However, the malware has impacted tablets, digital projectors, aftermarket vehicle infotainment units, picture frames, and other types of IoT devices.

One goal of this malware is to create a network proxy on the devices of unsuspecting buyers, potentially making them hubs for various potential criminal activities, putting the owners of these devices at risk from authorities. This malware is particularly insidious, coming pre-installed out of the box from major online retailers such as Amazon and AliExpress. If you search “Android TV Box” on Amazon right now, many of the same models that have been impacted are still up being sold by sellers of opaque origins. Facilitating the sale of these devices even led us to write an open letter to the FTC, urging them to take action on resellers.

The FBI listed some indicators of compromise (IoCs) in the PSA for consumers to tell if they were impacted. But the average person isn’t running network detection infrastructure in their homes, and cannot hope to understand what IoCs can be used to determine if their devices generate “unexplained or suspicious Internet traffic.” Here, we will attempt to help give more comprehensive background information about these IoCs. If you find any of these on devices you own, then we encourage you to follow through by contacting the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) at www.ic3.gov.

The FBI lists these IoC:

The presence of suspicious marketplaces where apps are downloaded.
Requiring Google Play Protect settings to be disabled.
Generic TV streaming devices advertised as unlocked or capable of accessing free content.
IoT devices advertised from unrecognizable brands.
Android devices that are not Play Protect certified.
Unexplained or suspicious Internet traffic.
The following adds context to above, as well as some added IoCs we have seen from our research.

RATatouille: A Malicious Recipe Hidden in rand-user-agent (Supply Chain Compromise)
On 5 May, 16:00 GMT+0, our automated malware analysis pipeline detected a suspicious package released, rand-user-agent@1.0.110. It detected unusual code in the package, and it wasn’t wrong. It detected signs of a supply chain attack against this legitimate package, which has about ~45.000 weekly downloads.

What is the package?
The package rand-user-agent generates randomized real user-agent strings based on their frequency of occurrence. It’s maintained by the company WebScrapingAPI (https://www.webscrapingapi.com/).
Our analysis engine detected suspicious code in the file dist/index.js. Lets check it out, here seen through the code view on npm’s site:
We’ve got a RAT (Remote Access Trojan) on our hands. Here’s an overview of it:

Behavior Overview
The script sets up a covert communication channel with a command-and-control (C2) server using socket.io-client, while exfiltrating files via axios to a second HTTP endpoint. It dynamically installs these modules if missing, hiding them in a custom .node_modules folder under the user's home directory.

• Trend Research has identified multiple IP address ranges in Russia that are being used for cybercrime activities aligned with North Korea. These activities are associated with a cluster of campaigns related to the Void Dokkaebi intrusion set, also known as Famous Chollima.
• The Russian IP address ranges, which are concealed by a large anonymization network that uses commercial VPN services, proxy servers, and numerous VPS servers with RDP, are assigned to two companies in Khasan and Khabarovsk. Khasan is a mile from the North Korea-Russia border, and Khabarovsk is known for its economic and cultural ties with North Korea.
• Trend Research assesses that North Korea deployed IT workers who connect back to their home country through two IP addresses in the Russian IP ranges and two IP addresses in North Korea. Trend Micro’s telemetry strongly suggests these DPRK aligned IT workers work from China, Russia and Pakistan, among others.
• Based on Trend Research’s assessment, North Korea-aligned actors use the Russian IP ranges to connect to dozens of VPS servers over RDP, then perform tasks like interacting on job recruitment sites and accessing cryptocurrency-related services. Some servers involved in their brute-force activity to crack cryptocurrency wallet passwords fall within one of the Russian IP ranges.
• Instructional videos have also been found with what it looks like non-native English text, detailing how to set up a Beavertail malware command-and-control server and how to crack cryptocurrency wallet passwords. This makes it plausible that North Korea is also working with foreign conspirators.
• IT professionals in Ukraine, US, and Germany have been targeted in these campaigns by fictitious companies that lure them into fraudulent job interviews. Trend Research assesses that the primary focus of Void Dokkaebi is to steal cryptocurrency from software professionals interested in cryptocurrency, Web3, and blockchain technologies.
• Trend Vision One™ detects and blocks the IOCs discussed in this blog. Trend Vision One customers can also access hunting queries, threat insights, and threat intelligence reports to gain rich context and the latest updates on Void Dokkaebi.

Learn about the key macOS malware families from 2024, including tactics, IoCs, opportunities for detection, and links to further reading.

WordPress admins, take heed: A recent development in a malware downloader called "SocGholish" could place your visitors at risk from malware infections!

FortiGuard Labs has observed a stealer campaign spreading multiple files that exploit CVE-2024-21412 to download malicious executable files. Read more.

Trend Micro threat hunters discovered that the Play ransomware group has been deploying a new Linux variant that targets ESXi environments.

See the results of our investigation into the phishing campaign encountered by our company and get information to defend against it. 

Here are some key findings:

• We found around 72 phishing domains pretending to be real or fake companies. These domains created believable websites that tricked people into sharing their login details.
• The attack was sophisticated, using advanced techniques like direct human interaction to deceive targets.
• We analyzed several fake websites and reverse-engineered their web-facing application.
• At the end of the post, you will find a list of IOCs that can be used for improving your organization’s security.

Snowflake recently observed and is investigating an increase in cyber threat activity targeting some of our customers’ accounts. We believe this is the result of ongoing industry-wide, identity-based attacks with the intent to obtain customer data. Research indicates that these types of attacks are performed with our customers’ user credentials that were exposed through unrelated cyber threat activity. To date, we do not believe this activity is caused by any vulnerability, misconfiguration, or malicious activity within the Snowflake product. Throughout the course of our ongoing investigation, we have promptly informed the limited number of customers who we believe may have been impacted.

This post will assist with investigating any potential threat activity within Snowflake customer accounts and provide guidance in the “Recommended Actions” section below.

CVE-2024-23108 Fortinet FortiSIEM Command Injection Deep-Dive and Indicators of Compromise. This blog details a command injection vulnerability which allows an unauthenticated attacker to access the FortiSIEM server as root to execute arbitrary commands.

CVE-2023-34992 Fortinet FortiSIEM Command Injection Deep-Dive and Indicators of Compromise. This blog details a command injection vulnerability which allows an unauthenticated attacker to access the FortiSIEM server as root to execute arbitrary commands.

Huntress recently detected interesting activity on an endpoint; a threat actor was attempting to establish a foothold on an endpoint by using commands issued via MSSQL to upload a reverse shell accessible from the web server. All attempts were obviated by MAV and process detections, but boy-howdy, did they try!

This report is provided "as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained herein. The DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service referenced in this bulletin or otherwise.

This document is marked TLP:CLEAR--Recipients may share this information without restriction. Sources may use TLP:CLEAR when information carries minimal or no foreseeable risk of misuse, in accordance with applicable rules and procedures for public release. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:CLEAR information may be shared without restriction. For more information on the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP), see http://www.cisa.gov/tlp.

Huntress has uncovered a series of unauthorized access, revealing a threat actor using ScreenConnect to infiltrate multiple healthcare organizations.

Microsoft analyzes a threat group tracked as DEV-0196, the actor’s iOS malware “KingsPawn”, and their link to an Israel-based private sector offensive actor (PSOA) known as QuaDream, which reportedly sells a suite of exploits, malware, and infrastructure called REIGN, that’s designed to exfiltrate data from mobile devices.

North Korean-sponsored actors believed to be linked to attack that Trojanized several versions of 3CX DesktopApp

ESET researchers are the first to publish an analysis of BlackLotus, the first in-the-wild UEFI bootkit capable of bypassing UEFI Secure Boot.

Fortinet FortiNAC CVE-2022-39952 Deep-Dive and IOCs. This vulnerability allows remote code execution as the root user.

(advisory https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt?date=02-2023)

NOTES:

Zip files are password-protected. If you don't know the password, see the "about" page of this website.
IOCs are listed on this page below all of the images.

In this week's Ransomware Roundup, FortiGuardLabs covers Trigona ransomware along with protection recommendations. Read the blog to find out more.