europol.europa.eu - Between 14 and 17 July, a joint international operation, known as Eastwood and coordinated by Europol and Eurojust, targeted the cybercrime network NoName057(16). Law enforcement and judicial authorities from Czechia, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands and the United States took simultaneous actions against offenders and infrastructure belonging to the pro-Russian cybercrime network. The investigation was also supported by ENISA, as well as Belgium, Canada, Estonia, Denmark, Latvia, Romania and Ukraine. The private parties ShadowServer and abuse.ch also assisted in the technical part of the operation.
The actions led to the disruption of an attack-infrastructure consisting of over one hundred computer systems worldwide, while a major part of the group's central server infrastructure was taken offline. Germany issued six warrants for the arrest of offenders living in the Russian Federation. Two of these persons are accused of being the main instigators responsible for the activities of "NoName057(16)". In total, national authorities have issued seven arrest warrants, which are directed, inter alia, against six Russian nationals for their involvement in the NoName057(16) criminal activities. All of the suspects are listed as internationally wanted, and in some cases, their identities are published in media. Five profiles were also published on the EU Most Wanted website.
National authorities have reached out to several hundred of individuals believed to be supporters of the cybercrime network. The messages, shared via a popular messaging application, inform the recipient of the official measures highlighting the criminal liability they bear for their actions pursuant to national legislations. Individuals acting for NoName057(16) are mainly Russian-speaking sympathisers who use automated tools to carry out distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Operating without formal leadership or sophisticated technical skills, they are motivated by ideology and rewards.
Learn how the JFrog Security research team discovered and disclosed CVE-6514, a critical vulnerability in the mcp-remote project used by Model Context Protocol clients.
WASHINGTON, July 15 (Reuters) - A U.S. state's Army National Guard network was thoroughly hacked by a Chinese cyberespionage group nicknamed "Salt Typhoon," according to a Department of Homeland Security memo.
The memo obtained by Property of the People, a national security transparency nonprofit, said the hackers "extensively compromised" the unnamed state Army National Guard's network between March and December 2024 and exfiltrated maps and "data traffic" with counterparts' networks in "every other US state and at least four US territories."
he National Guard and the Department of Homeland Security's cyber defense arm, CISA, did not immediately return messages. News of the memo was first reported by NBC News.
Salt Typhoon has emerged as one of the top concerns of American cyber defhen Coatesenders. U.S. officials allege that the hacking group is doing more than just gathering intelligence; it is prepositioning itself to paralyze U.S. critical infrastructure in case of a conflict with China. Beijing has repeatedly denied being behind the intrusions.
The memo, which said it drew on reporting from the Pentagon, said that Salt Typhoon's success in compromising states' Army National Guard networks nationwide "could undermine local cybersecurity efforts to protect critical infrastructure," in part because such units are often "integrated with state fusion centers responsible for sharing threat information—including cyber threats."
We tested Grok 4 – Elon’s latest AI model – and it failed key safety checks. Here’s how SplxAI hardened it for enterprise use.
On July 9th 2025, xAI released Grok 4 as its new flagship language model. According to xAI, Grok 4 boasts a 256K token API context window, a multi-agent “Heavy” version, and record scores on rigorous benchmarks such as Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE) and the USAMO, positioning itself as a direct challenger to GPT-4o, Claude 4 Opus, and Gemini 2.5 Pro. So, the SplxAI Research Team put Grok 4 to the test against GPT-4o.
Grok 4’s recent antisemitic meltdown on X shows why every organization that embeds a large-language model (LLM) needs a standing red-team program. These models should never be used without rigorous evaluation of their safety and misuse risks—that's precisely what our research aims to demonstrate.
Key Findings
For this research, we used the SplxAI Platform to conduct more than 1,000 distinct attack scenarios across various categories. The SplxAI Research Team found:
With no system prompt, Grok 4 leaked restricted data and obeyed hostile instructions in over 99% of prompt injection attempts.
With no system prompt, Grok 4 flunked core security and safety tests. It scored .3% on our security rubric versus GPT-4o's 33.78%. On our safety rubric, it scored .42% versus GPT-4o's 18.04%.
GPT-4o, while far from perfect, keeps a basic grip on security- and safety-critical behavior, whereas Grok 4 shows significant lapses. In practice, this means a simple, single-sentence user message can pull Grok into disallowed territory with no resistance at all – a serious concern for any enterprise that must answer to compliance teams, regulators, and customers.
This indicates that Grok 4 is not suitable for enterprise usage with no system prompt in place. It was remarkably easy to jailbreak and generated harmful content with very descriptive, detailed responses.
However, Grok 4 can reach near-perfect scores once a hardened system prompt is applied. With a basic system prompt, security jumped to 90.74% and safety to 98.81%, but business alignment still broke under pressure with a score of 86.18%. With SplxAI’s automated hardening layer added, it scored 93.6% on security, 100% on safety, and 98.2% on business alignment – making it fully enterprise-ready.
securityweek.com - DragonForce says it stole more than 150 gigabytes of data from US department store chain Belk in a May cyberattack
The DragonForce ransomware gang has claimed responsibility for a disruptive cyberattack on US department store chain Belk.
The incident was identified on May 8 and prompted Belk to disconnect affected systems, restrict network access, reset passwords, and rebuild impacted systems, which disrupted the chain’s online and physical operations for several days. The company’s online store is still offline at the time of publication.
Belk’s investigation into the attack determined that hackers had access to its network between May 7 and May 11, and that they exfiltrated certain documents, including files containing personal information.
In a data breach notification submitted to the New Hampshire Attorney General’s Office, Belk said at least names and Social Security numbers were compromised in the attack.
The company is providing the impacted individuals with 12 months of free credit monitoring and identity restoration services, which also include up to $1 million identity theft insurance.
The company has not named the group responsible for the attack, but the DragonForce ransomware gang has claimed the incident on Monday, adding Belk to its Tor-based leak site.
theguardian.com - Conservative government used superinjuction to hide error that put Afghans at risk and led to £2bn mitigation scheme.
Thousands of Afghans relocated to UK under secret scheme after data leak
Conservative government used superinjuction to hide error that put Afghans at risk and led to £2bn mitigation scheme
What we know about the secret Afghan relocation scheme
Afghan nationals: have you arrived in the UK under the Afghan Response Route?
Dan Sabbagh and Emine Sinmaz
Tue 15 Jul 2025 22.07 CEST
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Conservative ministers used an unprecedented superinjunction to suppress a data breach that led the UK government to offer relocation to 15,000 Afghans in a secret scheme with a potential cost of more than £2bn.
The Afghan Response Route (ARR) was created in haste after it emerged that personal information about 18,700 Afghans who had applied to come to the UK had been leaked in error by a British defence official in early 2022.
Panicked ministers and officials at the Ministry of Defence learned of the breach in August 2023 after data was posted to a Facebook group and applied to the high court for an injunction, the first sought by a British government – to prevent any further media disclosure.
It was feared that publicity could put the lives of many thousands of Afghans at risk if the Taliban, who had control of the country after the western withdrawal in August 2021, were to become aware of the existence of the leaked list and to obtain it.
The judge in the initial trial, Mr Justice Knowles, granted the application “contra mundum” – against the world – and ruled that its existence remain secret, resulting in a superinjunction which remained in place until lifted on Tuesday.
The gagging order meant that both the data breach and the expensive mitigation scheme remained hidden despite its size and cost until the near two-year legal battle was brought to a close in the high court.
At noon on Tuesday, the high court judge Mr Justice Chamberlain said it was time to end the superinjuction, which he said had the effect of concealing discussions about spending “the sort of money which makes a material difference to government spending plans and is normally the stuff of political debate”.
A few minutes later, John Healey, the defence secretary, offered a “sincere apology” for the data breach. In a statement to the Commons, he said he had felt “deeply concerned about the lack of transparency” around the data breach and “deeply uncomfortable to be constrained from reporting to this house”.
propublica.org - The Pentagon bans foreign citizens from accessing highly sensitive data, but Microsoft bypasses this by using engineers in China and elsewhere to remotely instruct American “escorts” who may lack expertise to identify malicious code.
Microsoft is using engineers in China to help maintain the Defense Department’s computer systems — with minimal supervision by U.S. personnel — leaving some of the nation’s most sensitive data vulnerable to hacking from its leading cyber adversary, a ProPublica investigation has found.
The arrangement, which was critical to Microsoft winning the federal government’s cloud computing business a decade ago, relies on U.S. citizens with security clearances to oversee the work and serve as a barrier against espionage and sabotage.
But these workers, known as “digital escorts,” often lack the technical expertise to police foreign engineers with far more advanced skills, ProPublica found. Some are former military personnel with little coding experience who are paid barely more than minimum wage for the work.
cetas.turing.ac.uk/ Research Report
As AI increasingly shapes the global economic and security landscape, China’s ambitions for global AI dominance are coming into focus. This CETaS Research Report, co-authored with Adarga and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, explores the mechanisms through which China is strengthening its domestic AI ecosystem and influencing international AI policy discourse. The state, industry and academia all play a part in the process, with China’s various regulatory interventions and AI security research trajectories linked to government priorities. The country’s AI security governance is iterative and is rapidly evolving: it has moved from having almost no AI-specific regulations to developing a layered framework of laws, guidelines and standards in just five years. In this context, the report synthesises open-source research and millions of English- and Chinese-language data points to understand China’s strategic position in global AI competition and its approach to AI security.
This CETaS Research Report, co-authored with the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) and Adarga, examines China’s evolving AI ecosystem. It seeks to understand how interactions between the state, the private sector and academia are shaping the country’s strategic position in global AI competition and its approach to AI security. The report is a synthesis of open-source research conducted by IISS and Adarga, leveraging millions of English- and Chinese-language data points.
Key Judgements
China’s political leadership views AI as one of several technologies that will enable the country to achieve global strategic dominance. This aligns closely with President Xi’s long-term strategy of leveraging technological revolutions to establish geopolitical strength. China has pursued AI leadership through a blend of state intervention and robust private-sector innovation. This nuanced approach challenges narratives of total government control, demonstrating significant autonomy and flexibility within China’s AI ecosystem. Notably, the development and launch of the DeepSeek-R1 model underscored China's ability to overcome significant economic barriers and technological restrictions, and almost certainly caught China’s political leadership by surprise – along with Western chip companies.
While the Chinese government retains ultimate control of the most strategically significant AI policy decisions, it is an oversimplification to describe this model as entirely centrally controlled. Regional authorities also play significant roles, leading to a decentralised landscape featuring multiple hubs and intense private sector competition, which gives rise to new competitors such as DeepSeek. In the coming years, the Chinese government will almost certainly increase its influence over AI development through closer collaboration with industry and academia. This will include shaping regulation, developing technical standards and providing preferential access to funding and resources.
China's AI regulatory model has evolved incrementally, but evidence suggests the country is moving towards more coherent AI legislation. AI governance responsibilities in China remain dispersed across multiple organisations. However, since February 2025, the China AI Safety and Development Association (CnAISDA) has become what China describes as its counterpart to the AI Security Institute. This organisation consolidates several existing institutions but does not appear to carry out independent AI testing and evaluation.
The Chinese government has integrated wider political and social priorities into AI governance frameworks, emphasising what it describes as “controllable AI” – a concept interpreted uniquely within the Chinese context. These broader priorities directly shape China’s technical and regulatory approaches to AI security. Compared to international competitors, China’s AI security policy places particular emphasis on the early stages of AI model development through stringent controls on pre-training data and onerous registration requirements. Close data sharing between the Chinese government and domestic AI champions, such as Alibaba’s City Brain, facilitates rapid innovation but would almost certainly encounter privacy and surveillance concerns if attempted elsewhere.
The geographical distribution of China's AI ecosystem reveals the strategic clustering of resources, talent and institutions. Cities such as Beijing, Hangzhou and Shenzhen have developed unique ecosystems that attract significant investments and foster innovation through supportive local policies, including subsidies, incentives and strategic infrastructure development. This regional specialisation emerged from long-standing Chinese industrial policy rather than short-term incentives.
China has achieved significant improvements in domestic AI education. It is further strengthening its domestic AI talent pool as top-tier AI researchers increasingly choose to remain in or return to China, due to increasingly attractive career opportunities within China and escalating geopolitical tensions between China and the US. Chinese institutions have significantly expanded domestic talent pools, particularly through highly selective undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. These efforts have substantially reduced dependence on international expertise, although many key executives and researchers continue to benefit from an international education.
Senior scientists hold considerable influence over China’s AI policymaking process, frequently serving on government advisory panels. This stands in contrast to the US, where corporate tech executives tend to have greater influence over AI policy decisions.
Government support provides substantial benefits to China-based tech companies. China’s government actively steers AI development, while the US lets the private sector lead (with the government in a supporting role) and the EU emphasises regulating outcomes and funding research for the public good. This means that China’s AI ventures often have easier access to capital and support for riskier projects, while a tightly controlled information environment mitigates against reputational risk.
US export controls have had a limited impact on China’s AI development. Although export controls have achieved some intended effects, they have also inadvertently stimulated innovation within certain sectors, forcing companies to do more with less and resulting in more efficient models that may even outperform their Western counterparts. Chinese AI companies such as SenseTime and DeepSeek continue to thrive despite their limited access to advanced US semiconductors.
www.scmp.com - Heightened US chip export controls have prompted Chinese AI and chip companies to collaborate.
Chinese chipmaker Sophgo has adapted its compute card to power DeepSeek’s reasoning model, underscoring growing efforts by local firms to develop home-grown artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure and reduce dependence on foreign chips amid tightening US export controls.
Sophgo’s SC11 FP300 compute card successfully passed verification, showing stable and effective performance in executing the reasoning tasks of DeepSeek’s R1 model in tests conducted by the China Telecommunication Technology Labs (CTTL), the company said in a statement on Monday.
A compute card is a compact module that integrates a processor, memory and other essential components needed for computing tasks, often used in applications like AI.
CTTL is a research laboratory under the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, an organisation affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
The Irish Data Privacy Commission announced that TikTok is facing a new European Union privacy investigation into user data sent to China.
TikTok is facing a fresh European Union privacy investigation into user data sent to China, regulators said Thursday.
The Data Protection Commission opened the inquiry as a follow up to a previous investigation that ended earlier this year with a 530 million euro ($620 million) fine after it found the video sharing app put users at risk of spying by allowing remote access their data from China.
The Irish national watchdog serves as TikTok’s lead data privacy regulator in the 27-nation EU because the company’s European headquarters is based in Dublin.
During an earlier investigation, TikTok initially told the regulator it didn’t store European user data in China, and that data was only accessed remotely by staff in China. However, it later backtracked and said that some data had in fact been stored on Chinese servers. The watchdog responded at the time by saying it would consider further regulatory action.
“As a result of that consideration, the DPC has now decided to open this new inquiry into TikTok,” the watchdog said.
“The purpose of the inquiry is to determine whether TikTok has complied with its relevant obligations under the GDPR in the context of the transfers now at issue, including the lawfulness of the transfers,” the regulator said, referring to the European Union’s strict privacy rules, known as the General Data Protection Regulation.
TikTok, which is owned by China’s ByteDance, has been under scrutiny in Europe over how it handles personal user information amid concerns from Western officials that it poses a security risk.
TikTok noted that it was one that notified the Data Protection Commission, after it embarked on a data localization project called Project Clover that involved building three data centers in Europe to ease security concerns.
“Our teams proactively discovered this issue through the comprehensive monitoring TikTok implemented under Project Clover,” the company said in a statement. “We promptly deleted this minimal amount of data from the servers and informed the DPC. Our proactive report to the DPC underscores our commitment to transparency and data security.”
Under GDPR, European user data can only be transferred outside of the bloc if there are safeguards in place to ensure the same level of protection. Only 15 countries or territories are deemed to have the same data privacy standard as the EU, but China is not one of them.
securityweek.com - Nippon Steel Solutions has disclosed a data breach that resulted from the exploitation of a zero-day in network equipment.
Japan-based Nippon Steel Solutions on Tuesday disclosed a data breach that resulted from the exploitation of a zero-day vulnerability.
Nippon Steel Solutions, also called NS Solutions, offers cloud, cybersecurity and other IT solutions. The company is a subsidiary of Japanese steel giant Nippon Steel, which recently acquired US Steel in a controversial deal.
Nippon Steel Solutions said in a statement posted on its Japanese-language website that it detected suspicious activity on some servers on March 7.
An investigation showed that hackers had exploited a zero-day flaw in unspecified network equipment, and gained access to information on customers, partners and employees.
In the case of customers, the attackers may have stolen information such as name, company name and address, job title, affiliation, business email address, and phone number.
The exposed information in the case of partners includes names and business email addresses, while in the case of employees the attackers may have obtained names, business email addresses, job titles, and affiliation.
Nippon Steel Solutions said the information may have been exfiltrated, but to date it has found no evidence of a data leak on the dark web or elsewhere.
The notorious ransomware group BianLian claimed to have stolen hundreds of gigabytes of data from Nippon Steel USA in mid-February, including files related to finances, employees, and production.
The cybercriminals at the time threatened to leak all of the stolen data, but the group went dark a few weeks later.
Nippon Steel does not appear to have confirmed a data breach in response to BianLian’s claims and it’s unclear if the two incidents are related.
SecurityWeek has reached out to NS Solutions for clarifications and will update this
Bitcoin Depot, an operator of Bitcoin ATMs, is notifying customers of a data breach incident that has exposed their sensitive information.
In the letter sent to affected individuals, the company informs that it first detected suspicious activity on its network last year on June 23.
Although the internal investigation was completed on July 18, 2024, a parallel investigation by federal agencies dictated that public disclosure of the incident should be withheld until it was completed.
“On July 18, 2024, the investigation was complete, and we identified your personal information contained within documents related to certain of our customers that the unauthorized individual obtained,” explains Bitcoin Depot in the letter.
“Unfortunately, we were not able to inform you sooner due to an ongoing investigation. Federal law enforcement requested that Bitcoin Depot wait to provide you notice until after they completed the investigation.”
The type of data that has been exposed in this incident varies from individual to individual and may include:
Full name
Phone number
Driver’s license number
Address
Date of birth
Email address
Bitcoin Depot is one of the largest Bitcoin ATM networks in the United States, operating 8,800 machines in the U.S., Canada, and Australia.
Two vulnerabilities have been identified in RapidFire Tools Network Detective, a system assessment and reporting tool developed by Kaseya (RapidFire Tools). These issues significantly compromise the confidentiality and integrity of credentials gathered and processed during routine network scans, exposing sensitive data to both local attackers and potentially malicious insiders.
Vulnerability 1: Passwords in Cleartext
During its normal operation, Network Detective saves usernames and passwords in plain, readable text across several temporary files. These files are stored locally on the device and are not protected or hidden. In many cases, the credentials collected include privileged or administrative accounts, such as those used for VMware.
An attacker who gains access to the machine running the scan—whether physically, remotely, or through malware—can easily retrieve these passwords without needing to decrypt anything. This presents a serious risk to client infrastructure, especially when those credentials are reused or provide broad system access.
Vulnerability 2: Reversible Encryption
RapidFire Tools Network Detective uses a flawed method to encrypt passwords and other sensitive data during network scans. The encryption process is based on static, built-in values, which means it produces the same result every time for the same input. This makes it possible for anyone with access to the tool or encrypted data to easily reverse the encryption and retrieve original passwords.
This weakness puts client environments at risk, especially since the encrypted data often includes administrative credentials. The encryption does not follow modern security standards, and attackers do not need special tools or expertise to break it—only access to the files or application.
Analysis and Background
Network Detective, a product developed by RapidFire Tools (a Kaseya company), is designed to scan networks for vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and compliance issues. It is used by managed service providers (MSPs), IT consultants, and internal IT departments to assess network health and generate reports. While commonly deployed as a standalone binary for one-off scans—often during sales or onboarding—Network Detective also supports scheduled, recurring scans in installed environments.
The application is typically configured via a step-by-step wizard, prompting users to define targets (e.g., IP ranges), scan types (e.g., HIPAA, PCI), and credentials for services such as Active Directory or VMware. This configuration is stored locally and reused for automated scans. Notably, the same binaries are used for both ad hoc and scheduled executions, meaning any vulnerabilities affect both deployment models equally.
Due to its ease of use and deep network visibility, the tool is often run with elevated privileges across production systems. Users implicitly trust the application to securely handle credentials and sensitive data. However, the issues discovered occur under default conditions, without requiring misuse or advanced manipulation—highlighting a significant risk for environments relying on the tool for security posture validation.
The probe is based on complaints from a lawmaker and an unnamed senior civil servant.
rench prosecutors have opened a criminal investigation into X over allegations that the company owned by billionaire Elon Musk manipulated its algorithms for the purposes of “foreign interference.”
Magistrate Laure Beccuau said in a statement Friday that prosecutors had launched the probe on Wednesday and were looking into whether the social media giant broke French law by altering its algorithms and fraudulently extracting data from users.
The criminal investigation comes on the heels of an inquiry launched in January, and is based on complaints from a lawmaker and an unnamed senior civil servant, Beccuau said.
A complaint that sparked the initial January inquiry accused X of spreading “an enormous amount of hateful, racist, anti-LGBT+ and homophobic political content, which aims to skew the democratic debate in France.”
POLITICO has reached out to X for comment.
The investigation lands as X is increasingly under fire from regulators in Paris and Brussels.
Two French parliamentarians referred the platform to France’s digital regulator Arcom on Thursday following anti-Semitic and racist posts by Grok, the artificial-intelligence chatbot that answers questions from X users.
The European Commission has separately been investigating the Musk-owned platform for almost two years now, on suspicion of breaching its landmark platforms regulation, the Digital Services Act.
We discovered a leaked credential that allowed anyone unauthorized access to all Microsoft tenants of organizations that use Synology’s “Active Backup for Microsoft 365” (ABM). This flaw could be leveraged by malicious actors to obtain potentially sensitive information — such as all messages in Microsoft Teams channels. It was reported to Synology and tracked as CVE-2025-4679.
This blog post contains the full technical walk-through and discovery of the vulnerability, its impact, and our experience during the responsible disclosure process with Synology.
The standalone disclosure report is available on our advisory page and potential Indicators of Compromise (IoC) are provided in a dedicated section further below.
Background
During a red-team engagement against a customer’s Microsoft Entra tenant and Azure infrastructure we came across an application named “Synology Active Backup for M365”.
The application had broad permissions — such as read access to all groups and Microsoft Teams channel messages — making it an ideal target to obtain information that may be useful for further attacks (i.e. credential abuse or social engineering).
To analyze it, we created our own lab environment consisting of a Microsoft sandbox tenant and the ABM add-on installed within Synology’s DiskStation Manager (DSM) operating system. For research purposes it is not necessary to have a Synology NAS appliance, as the entire OS can be virtualized via Docker. We also built some tools along the way, which can be helpful to reverse engineer DSM add-on packages. We will share them for other security researchers on our GitHub soon.
Lors d’un audit, des milliers de failles ont été découvertes dans le Système d’Information Schengen II, logiciel gérant le fichier mis en place dans le cadre de la convention de Schengen. Sopra Steria qui en est responsable a mis des mois, voire des années à corriger certains
problèmes. L’année dernière, la seconde version du Système […]
L'année dernière, la seconde version du Système d'Information Schengen (SIS) a essuyé un audit sévère du Contrôleur européen de la protection des données (CEPD). Ce logiciel est utilisé par les autorités aux frontières des pays de l'espace Schengen pour ficher les personnes recherchées et celles refoulées ou interdites de séjours.
La seconde version du système a été déployée en 2013, mais il a été « renouvelé » en mars 2023 et de nouvelles catégories de signalements, des données biométriques et des registres d'ADN de personnes disparues ont encore été ajoutées.
1,7 million de personnes concernées
Selon l'agence européenne eu-LISA qui utilise le système [PDF], plus de 93 millions d'alertes y étaient stockées au 31 décembre 2024, dont 1,7 million sur les personnes. Près de 1,2 million concerne des reconduites à la frontière, des refus d'entrée ou de rester sur le territoire et un peu plus de 195 000 personnes y sont fichées comme de possibles menaces pour la sécurité nationale.
Ce système stocke des données concernant des personnes visées par un mandat d'arrêt européen, mais aussi signale, aux fins de non-admission ou d'interdiction de séjour, des personnes signalées dans le cadre d'infractions pénales ou recherchées pour l'exécution d'une peine, ou encore des personnes disparues.
Ces données comprennent l'état civil, des photographies, des empreintes digitales et d'autres informations biométriques réunies dans les textes officiels sous la dénomination de « signes physiques particuliers, objectifs et inaltérables ». Des données particulièrement sensibles, donc. Des commentaires peuvent être ajoutés comme « la conduite à tenir en cas de découverte », « l'autorité ayant effectué le signalement » ou le type d'infraction.
Des milliers de problèmes de gravité « élevée »
Selon les documents consultés par Bloomberg et par Lighthouse Reports, le logiciel était, à l'époque de l'audit, truffé de vulnérabilités. Des milliers de problèmes de sécurités étaient d'une gravité « élevée ». Le contrôleur a aussi pointé du doigt un « nombre excessif » de comptes administrateurs de la base de données, ce qui était « une faiblesse évitable qui pourrait être exploitée par des attaquants internes ». Dans l'audit du CEPD est indiqué que 69 membres de l'équipe de développement avaient un accès à la base de données du système sans avoir l'habilitation de sécurité nécessaire.
Pour l'instant, le Système d'Information Schengen II fonctionne sur un réseau isolé, les nombreuses failles détaillées dans cet audit ne peuvent donc être exploitées que par un attaquant interne. Mais il est prévu qu'il soit intégré, à terme, au « système d'entrée/sortie » des personnes de nationalités en dehors de l'UE, qui lui doit être mis en place à partir d'octobre 2025. Celui-ci est connecté à Internet. Le rapport d'audit s'alarme d'une facilité des pirates d'accéder à la base de données à ce moment-là.
Une très lente réaction de Sopra Steria
Selon Bloomberg, l'audit explique que des pirates auraient pu prendre le contrôle du système et que des personnes extérieures auraient pu obtenir des accès non autorisés. Mais le média explique que des documents montrent que, lorsque l'eu-Lisa a signalé ces problèmes, Sopra Steria, qui est chargée du développement et de la maintenance du système, a mis entre huit mois et plus de cinq ans et demi pour les résoudre. Ceci alors que le contrat entre l'agence européenne et l'entreprise l'oblige à patcher les vulnérabilités « critiques ou élevées » dans les deux mois.
Dans des échanges de mails avec eu-LISA consultés par nos confrères, Sopra Steria demandait des frais supplémentaires à la hauteur de 19 000 euros pour la correction de vulnérabilités. L'agence européenne a, de son côté, répondu que cette correction faisait partie du contrat qui comprenait des frais compris entre 519 000 et 619 000 euros par mois pour la « maintenance corrective ».
Interrogée par nos confrères, Sopra Steria n'a pas voulu répondre à leurs questions, mais a affirmé : « En tant qu'élément clé de l'infrastructure de sécurité de l'UE, le SIS II est régi par des cadres juridiques, réglementaires et contractuels stricts. Le rôle de Sopra Steria a été joué conformément à ces cadres ».
Dans son audit, le CEPD vise aussi l'eu-LISA qui n'a pas informé son conseil d'administration des failles de sécurité. Il pointe aussi des « lacunes organisationnelles et techniques en matière de sécurité » et lui demande d'établir un plan d'action et une « stratégie claire » pour gérer les vulnérabilités du système.
À Bloomberg, l'eu-LISA affirme que « tous les systèmes gérés par l'agence font l'objet d'évaluations continues des risques, d'analyses régulières de la vulnérabilité et de tests de sécurité ».
: ¡Cuidado! Time to double-check before entering your Microsoft creds
Cybersecurity experts are reporting a 19x increase in malicious campaigns being launched from .es domains, making it the third most common, behind only .com and .ru.
The .es top-level domain (TLD) is the domain reserved for the country of Spain, or websites targeting Spanish-speaking audiences.
Cofense said the abuse of the .es TLD started to pick up in January, and as of May, 1,373 subdomains were hosting malicious web pages on 447 .es base domains.
The researchers said that 99 percent of these were focused on credential phishing, while the other 1 percent were devoted to distributing remote access trojans (RATs) such as ConnectWise RAT, Dark Crystal, and XWorm.
The malware was distributed either via a C2 node or a malicious email spoofing a well-known brand (Microsoft in 95 percent of cases, unsurprisingly), so there was nothing overly novel about the campaigns themselves other than the TLD.
Emails seen in the wild tend to be themed around workplace matters such as HR requests or requests for the receipt of documents, for example, and the messages are often well-crafted, rather than low-effort one-liners.
The .es domains that host the malicious content, like the fake Microsoft sign-in portals, are in most cases randomly generated rather than crafted by a human. For potential targets, this potentially makes it easier to spot a lookalike/typosquat-style URL.
Some examples of the types of subdomains hosted on the .es base domains are as follows:
ag7sr[.]fjlabpkgcuo[.]es
gymi8[.]fwpzza[.]es
md6h60[.]hukqpeny[.]es
Shmkd[.]jlaancyfaw[.]es
As for why exactly the .es domain was proving so popular, Cofense did not venture any guesses. However, it said that aside from the top two most-abused TLDs (.com and .ru), the remainder tend to fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter.
Regardless, the general nature of the phishing campaigns experts observed over the past six months suggests dodgy .es websites could be here to stay.
Cofense said: "If one threat actor or threat actor group were taking advantage of .es TLD domains then it is likely that the brands spoofed in .es TLD campaigns would indicate certain preferences by the threat actors that would be different from general campaigns delivered by a wide variety of threat actors with varying motives, targets, and campaign quality.
"This was not observed, making it likely that abuse of .es TLD domains is becoming a common technique among a large group of threat actors rather than a few more specialized groups."
spycloud.com
We analyzed the VenusTech and Salt Typhoon data leaks to uncover the latest trends in the Chinese criminal underground.
In late May, two particularly interesting Chinese datasets appeared for sale in posts on DarkForums, an English-language data breach and leak forum that has become popular since BreachForums went dark in mid-April. These two posts, which we’re calling the VenusTech Data Leak and the Salt Typhoon Data Leak, had some interesting similarities. Both posts:
Were posted by new accounts that appear to have been created explicitly to sell a single dataset
Included data that allegedly came from companies in China’s large hack-for-hire ecosystem
Included data samples that, while limited, give us some insight into the companies they came from
While the samples provided on DarkForums were relatively small in comparison to previous data leaks of a similar nature (including Chinese IT contractor leaks, such as TopSec and iSoon), the latest leaks provide critical pivot points for assessing the state and structure of the Chinese cybersecurity contractor ecosystem.
We wanted to take a moment to analyze these two recent posts, dive into the sample data, and make some connections between this activity and some overall trends we are observing in our research into the Chinese cybercriminal underground.
Analysis of the VenusTech Data Leak
VenusTech is a major IT security vendor in China with a focus on serving government clients. It was founded in 1996 and is traded on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. They have previously documented ties to the hack-for-hire industry including procuring services from XFocus, who created the original Blaster worm in 2003, as well as providing startup funding to Integrity Tech, the company responsible for the offensive hacking activity associated with Flax Typhoon.
On May 17, a post relating to VenusTech was created by an account called “IronTooth” and titled “Chinese tech company venus leaked documents.” The IronTooth account appears to have been newly created and simply uses the default profile image for DarkForums. The full post text reads:
selling sourced leaked documents dump of chinese tech company. includes papers, products sold to government, accesses, clients and more random shit sold to highest bidder after 48h. crossposted.
Four individuals in Britain were arrested early on Thursday morning by the National Crime Agency on suspicion of involvement in a range of ransomware attacks targeting the British retail sector earlier this year.
The individuals are a 20-year-old British woman from Staffordshire, a 19-year-old Latvian male from the West Midlands, a 19-year-old British man from London and a 17-year-old British male from the West Midlands.
All four are now in custody having been arrested at home, and the NCA said its officers have seized their electronic devices for forensic analysis.
The individuals are suspected of involvement in three incidents in April impacting British retailers Marks & Spencer, the Co-op and the London-based luxury store Harrods.
The NCA said the individuals are suspected of Computer Misuse Act offenses, blackmail, money laundering and participating in the activities of an organized crime group.
“Since these attacks took place, specialist NCA cybercrime investigators have been working at pace and the investigation remains one of the Agency’s highest priorities,” said Paul Foster, the head of the NCA’s National Cyber Crime Unit.
“Today’s arrests are a significant step in that investigation but our work continues, alongside partners in the UK and overseas, to ensure those responsible are identified and brought to justice.
“Cyber attacks can be hugely disruptive for businesses and I’d like to thank M&S, Co-op and Harrods for their support to our investigations. Hopefully this signals to future victims the importance of seeking support and engaging with law enforcement as part of the reporting process. The NCA and policing are here to help.”
For many years, data brokers have existed in the shadows, exploiting gaps in privacy laws to harvest our information—all for their own profit. They sell our precise movements without our knowledge or meaningful consent to a variety of private and state actors, including law enforcement agencies. And they show no sign of stopping.
This incentivizes other bad actors. If companies collect any kind of personal data and want to make a quick buck, there’s a data broker willing to buy it and sell it to the highest bidder–often law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
One recent investigation by 404 Media revealed that the Airlines Reporting Corporation (ARC), a data broker owned and operated by at least eight major U.S. airlines, including United Airlines and American Airlines, collected travelers’ domestic flight records and secretly sold access to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Despite selling passengers’ names, full flight itineraries, and financial details, the data broker prevented U.S. border forces from revealing it as the origin of the information. So, not only is the government doing an end run around the Fourth Amendment to get information where they would otherwise need a warrant—they’ve also been trying to hide how they know these things about us.
ARC’s Travel Intelligence Program (TIP) aggregates passenger data and contains more than one billion records spanning 39 months of past and future travel by both U.S. and non-U.S. citizens. CBP, which sits within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), claims it needs this data to support local and state police keeping track of people of interest. But at a time of growing concerns about increased immigration enforcement at U.S. ports of entry, including unjustified searches, law enforcement officials will use this additional surveillance tool to expand the web of suspicion to even larger numbers of innocent travelers.
More than 200 airlines settle tickets through ARC, with information on more than 54% of flights taken globally. ARC’s board of directors includes representatives from U.S. airlines like JetBlue and Delta, as well as international airlines like Lufthansa, Air France, and Air Canada.
In selling law enforcement agencies bulk access to such sensitive information, these airlines—through their data broker—are putting their own profits over travelers' privacy. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) recently detailed its own purchase of personal data from ARC. In the current climate, this can have a detrimental impact on people’s lives.
